Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Dr. Polák Jaroslav
Crop Rersearch Institute, Czech Republic
Keynote: The Efficient Control of Plum Pox Virus.
Time : 9:00 -9:30
Biography:
Polák Jaroslav, Professor, Plant virologist, Diploma in engineering. U. Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic, 1964, PhD (CSc) Mendel´s U Agriculture, Brno 1974, DSc. Mendel´s U. Agric., Brno 1992. Asst. Prof. Czech U. Agrl., Prague, 1999. From rsch. Asst. to Director of phytomedicine division, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague. 30 years Head of the Department of Virology, Res. Inst. Crop Prod. Adviser of International Foundation for Science, Stockholm. Co-author: European Handbook of Plant Diseases. Contbr. ca 250 articles to profl. journals. Fellow of International Society for Horticultural Sciences, European Foundation for Plant Pathology. Recognized specialist for Plum pox virus problems. Invited speaker to U.S. and Canadian Universities. Biography several times in Who is Who in Science and Engineering, in Who is Who in the World, Hübners Who is Who, Who is…? (v ÄŒeské republic) 2012. Oxford Encyclopedia, 2016. Founder of Czech Phytopathological Society. Organizer of International Scientific Conferences. Office: Research Institute of Crop Production, Drnovská 507, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic.
Abstract:
Plum pox virus (PPV) is transmissible by grafting, budding, and by aphids in a nonpersistent way. In case, that will be combined varieties with rootstocks which cannot be infected with PPV through aphid inoculation, trees and orchards will remain PPV free for their entire lifetime. Genetically modified (GM) plum (Prunus domestica L.) cv. ´HoneySweet´ (clone C5) was proved as the first plum variety for which it is not possible to inoculate PPV through by aphid inoculation. We have proved, that rootstock myrobalan PK which is suitable for plum and apricot varieties also cannot be infected with PPV through aphid inoculation. The GM plum variety ´HoneySweet´ grafted on the rootstock myrobalan PK will completely resist aphid-transmitted PPV infection. The resistance to PPV through aphid inoculation, conditioned by one dominant gene locus, can be used to develop new PPV resistant varieties with the same level of resistance to aphid-transmitted PPV. Cross-hybridization between PPV resistant ´HoneySweet´ plum, and ´Pozegaca´, ´Domácí velkoplodá´ or ´Hauszwetske´ plums, a popular variety with high-quality fruits, but very susceptible to PPV, have been carried out. We are testing plum ´Anna Späth´, ´Gabrovská´, ´Althane renclode´, and apricot ´Harko´ ´Hargrand´, ´Krajova´ varieties resistant to PPV, grafted on rootstock myrobalan PK, for aphid inoculation. This research can result in another variety which cannot be infected with PPV through aphid inoculation. Ultimately, that will provide a long-term stable production for growers, and a dependable supply of healthful fruits for consumers.
Keynote Forum
Dr. Steven Hutcheson
University Of Maryland ,USA
Keynote: Title: Deciphering the bacterial initiation of plant innate immunity
Time : 9:30-10:00
Biography:
Steven Hutcheson received his PhD from the UC Berkeley in 1982 and did his postdoctoral research with Dr T Kosuge at UC Davis on IAA production by a P. syringae strain. He joined the University of Maryland College Park in 1984 where he is now Professor of Microbiology in the Dept. of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics. In addition to his many professional activities in plant pathology, he has been an invited speaker at numerous international conferences on molecular plant-microbe interactions. His research publications in this field and related topics have garnered in excess of 4700.
Abstract:
The role of technology in deciphering the mechanisms of plant innate immunity and how that led to new adventures. Steven W Hutcheson, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. This all began with two simple questions: at the molecular level, what enables a pathogen to parasitize a susceptible plant host and what restricts the host range of that pathogen to that susceptible host? Working with cultured plant cell suspensions and several Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, we determined there were no simple answers to these questions. Through a genetic approach, colleagues and I were able to clone and sequence a gene cluster that ultimately was determined to be a Type III protein secretion system (TTSS). This discovery modified our original hypothesis to injected protein elicitors for which we showed to be AVR proteins and developed several approaches to finding the genes for these in strains of P. syringae. This work provided explanations for how P. syringae strains evolved and the commonalities in how many plant and mammalian pathogens cause disease. We were also able to define the components of the regulatory system controlling the expression of the TTSS and explain many of the phenomena associated with the development and expression of the TTSS. These successes opened up new directions for the laboratory examining the mechanisms for how an obscure bacterium degraded nearly all biopolymers through unique mechanisms and a commercial adventure.
Keynote Forum
Dr. Russell W Jessup
Texas A&M University, USA
Keynote: Title: Torrefied Biomass Development as Renewable, Pathogen and Weed-Seed Free Fertilizers
Time : 10:00-10:30
Biography:
Russell W Jessup is currently an Associate Professor of Perennial Grass Breeding in the Department of Soil & Crop Sciences at Texas A&M University. He completed his PhD in 2005, followed by postdoctoral research with the USDA-ARS (2005-07) and a biofuel feedstock industry breeder position (2007-09). His research focuses on developing improved renewable bioproducts/biorefineries, forages, turfgrass, and ornamentals utilizing classical, cytogenetic, and molecular strategies.
Abstract:
Synthetic fertilizers pose environmental concerns—particularly in urban landscapes—and currently available organic fertilizers have several deficiencies (low nutrient content, low water solubility, potential pathogen, and weed seed contaminants). The development of torrefaction-based fertilizers (TBFs) from perennial, high-biomass feedstocks provides immense opportunity to offset chemical fertilizers, prevent disease and weed risk, and contribute soil carbon. TBFs recently developed in the Perennial Grass Breeding & Genetics Program have demonstrated significant fertility (yield) response in both grain (maize) and biomass (Napiergrass) crops. These novel TBFs further have demonstrated: 6-8 dry tons per acre TBF yield, free of pathogens and weed-seed, 450-600% water-holding capacity, neutral pH (6.5–7.3), significant soil carbon contribution, and nutrient value (3-4% N, 1-2% P, 1-3% K). Opportunities for incorporation of TBFs into organic fertilizers, composts, soilless media, and amendments will be presented.
Keynote Forum
Dr. David T. Ingram
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA
Keynote: Title: Biological Soil Amendments of Animal Origin (BSAAO) in Fresh Fruits and Vegetable Production: A Regulatory Perspective
Time : 11:00-11:30
Biography:
Dr. David Ingram joined FDA/CFSAN as a Consumer Safety Officer in 2013. Previous experience includes over 14 years of service as a Food Safety Microbiologist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) in Beltsville, Maryland. Dr. Ingram continues to promote public health with his transition to the FDA, where he develops feasible, science-based regulations designed to reduce the incidence of foodborne illness. He received his B.S. in Biology from Dickinson College, and both M.S. (Microbiology) and Ph.D. (Food Science) degrees from the University of Maryland at College Park.
Abstract:
When the FDA first proposed the Produce Safety rule mandated by the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) in 2013, the proposed criteria included a nine-month interval between the application of raw manure (and other untreated BSAAOs) and the crop harvest when certain application methods are used. Many growers and other stakeholders in the produce industry objected, focusing on the limitations of the data on practices across the U.S. and internationally. Organic growers specifically expressed concern about the differences between the proposed application interval and the USDA National Organic Program standards for raw manure application intervals. In response, the FDA decided to reserve a decision on the minimum application interval and to conduct additional research and a risk assessment, which can evaluate the impact of interventions that include the use of application intervals. This change was included in the September 2014 supplemental notice for the produce rule and carried forward into the final version, which was issued in November 2015. In the meantime, we have placed restrictions on how raw manure is applied. The Produce Safety rule requires that covered farms not apply raw manure in a manner that contacts produce covered by the rule during application. And these farms are required to minimize the potential for contact after application. The future of FDA’s regulatory position on the current ‘reserved’ days-to-harvest restrictions on the use of untreated BSAAO has not yet been determined. Current findings of FDA’s risk assessment activities, as well as possible outcome will be discussed.
- Track 1: Plant pathology diseases
Location: Heritage 6
Chair
Dr. Steven Hutcheson,
University Of Maryland ,USA
Session Introduction
Dr. Dariusz P Malinowski
Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, USA
Title: Epichloid fungal endophytes and the applications of symbiotically modified organism technology in forage grasses
Time : 11:30-11:55
Biography:
Dariusz Malinowski has completed his PhD at the age of 25 years from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich and postdoctoral studies from Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. He is the Professor of Forage Agronomy at Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Vernon. He has published more than 60 papers in scientific journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of Acta Agrobotanica, Crop Science, and Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management journals. His research focuses on adaptation of forage crops to drought stress and management of forages in semi-arid environments, and breeding of winter-hardy hibiscus.
Abstract:
Many cool-season grass species have evolved with asexual, nonsymptomatic fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë (formerly Neotyphodium) of the family Clavicipitaceae. These mutualistic associations have dramatic effects on grass host chemistry, increasing the resistance of symbiotic grasses to abiotic (drought, soil mineral imbalance) and biotic (vertebrate and invertebrate herbivory, nematodes, plant pathogens, plant competition) stresses. Native endophyte strains produce a range of bioprotective alkaloid and other non-alkaloid secondary compounds, several of them known to have detrimental effects on grazing animals. In the past two decades, epichloid endophyte strains have been selected with marginal or no capacity of producing ergot and/or lolitrem alkaloids. These novel endophyte strains have been introduced to several grass cultivars with the idea to increase grass host resistance to abiotic stresses without affecting grazing livestock, and abiotic stresses to ensure the high competitive ability of symbiotic grass cultivars. This new technology is known as “Symbiotically Modified Organisms” (SMO). A number of forage grass cultivars, including tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum syn. Festuca arundinacea) and perennial ryegrass (L. perenne), have been inoculated with novel epichloid endophytes and commercialized in the USA and New Zealand. These SMO grass cultivars have been proven superior to cultivars infected with native epichloid endophytes in terms of grazing animal performance.
Dr. Hala Samaha
Lebanese University , Lebanon
Title: Modulation of early plant defenses by herbivores and their oral secretions
Time : 11:55 -12:20
Biography:
I currently working as an assistant professor in the Department of Life and Earth science, Lebanese University of Beyrouth, Fanar. I received my PhD in cellular and molecular plant physiology from the University of Picardie Jules Verne. I had a master degree in cellular and molecular biology from the University of Louis Pasteur, France and B.A in plant biology at the Lebanese University
Abstract:
Phloemophagous insects feed on sieve tubes due to their high content of nutrients. To reach phloem, aphids use their piercing mouthparts (stylets) inflicting sequential mechanical wounds on the plant cells and a periodic injection of oral secretions (OS). The presence of enzymes in the OS is suggested to prevent early plant responses in order to access the underlying cell membrane. With the aim to characterize salivary elicitors we characterized local potato responses against Macrosiphum euphorbiae at macroscopic, microscopic and physiological levels. Using a cytological approach, we identified three induced responses on local and distal leaves with an evident demonstration of their cross-linking. In addition to callose, brown phenolic deposits (lignin and suberin) appeared on infested leaf veins forming a physical barrier through cell-wall thickening and constitute an early wound-induced response. To overcome this physical obstruction, aphids inhibit callose in the mesophyll but could not hinder the irreversible polyphenols deposit. At a late stage of infestation, a localized HR-like cell death was induced. Puncturing inflicted on the tissues by aphid stylets are responsible for callose/polyphenol deposits unlike HR, which can be induced on foliar discs after applying aphid oral secretions. Aphid saliva seems to be able both to induce and inhibit plant defense responses. To test this hypothesis, we used cultivated potato cells. Ion flux detection and generation of reactive oxygen species were induced after aphid saliva application to cells. The findings provide a better insight into the molecular mechanisms mediating herbivore-induced plant defense. A possible influence of these early induced responses on viruses transmission by aphids is discussed.
Dr. Lester Hernández-RodrÃguez
Instituto de Investigaciones en Fruticultura Tropical, Uruguay
Title: Citrus leaf blotch virus in Cuba: first report and partial molecular characterization
Time : 12:20 -12:45
Biography:
Lester Hernández-Rodríguez was graduated of Microbiologist in July 2000, Master in Science in Vegetal Biology in 2012, and has completed his PhD degree at the age of 41 years, all of these degrees obtained in Havana University, Cuba (Universidad de La Habana, Cuba). He is specialized in Plant Virology, mainly in viruses affecting fruit crops. His current job is Technical Secretary of Research Program on Citrus Production of Uruguay, where he is living since November 2017. He has published more than 32 papers in reputed journals and has participated in several International Congress and symposiums. He acted as the Executive secretary of the Fifth International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Growing/IX International Pineapple Symposium & quot; FRUTICULTURA 2017 & quot;, Havana City, Cuba, 2017 and the IV International Symposium on Citrus Biotechnology (ISCB), Uruguay, 2018.
Abstract:
Citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV) infection has been detected in citrus cultivars from several countries including the USA, Spain, Italy, Japan, and New Zealand. To investigate whether CLBV is present in Cuba, a survey was conducted in seven commercial citrus fields of the country during 2007–2013. In all, 1940 trees were inspected and samples of two symptomatic and 18 asymptomatic sources were tested by biological indexing and molecular techniques for virus detection. Bark patches from the two symptomatic Nagami and Round kumquat sources induced chlorotic blotching and vein clearing in Dweet tangor, and only for the Round kumquat inoculums, stem pitting in Etrog citron. RT-PCR assays using specific primers to amplify fragments of polymerase (RdRp), movement (MP) and coat protein (CP) genes of CLBV yielded amplicons with the expected sizes using RNA from both sources as a template. Viral RNA was further detected by a non-radioactive dot-blot hybridization assay using a mixture of specific probes derived from a Spanish isolate of CLBV. Sequences from RdRp, MP, and CP amplicons showed identical nucleotide identities for the two Cuban isolates, and higher than 95.9 % with isolates from Spain, New Zealand, and the USA.
Dr. Anna Wenda-Piesik
University of Science and Technology ,Poland
Title: Risk assessment posed by diseases in context of integrated management of wheat
Time : 12:45 -13:10
Biography:
Anna Wenda-Piesik has completed her DSc at the age of 41 years from UTP University of Science and Technology. In 2002-2003 she was an internship researcher at the Montana State University (MSU) in Bozeman, USA. Currently, her position is Associate Professor, at The Department of Agronomy, UTP in Bydgoszcz, Poland. She is the Head of The Laboratory of Experimental Methods. She published 80 original articles, the total IF is at 32,751, the total number of citations is at 229, h- index 9 and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
Risk assessment in the context of integrated pest and disease management considering crop sequence, sowing date, and control by fungicide application was carried out. This method also investigates the grain yields of wheat to address the context of disease risk with grain production. The experimental factors were fixed: pre-crop for wheat (sugar beet, corn for grain, wheat), the sowing date: facultative in late autumn and spring, fungicidal intensification: untreated, one treatment at T2 stage (BBCH 32–65) with fluoxastrobin and prothioconazole, two treatments made at T1 (BBCH 30–32) with prothioconazole and spiroxamine and at T2 (BBCH 41–65) with fluoxastrobin and prothioconazole, three treatments performed at stage T1 (BBCH 29–31) with prothioconazole and spiroxamine, T2 (BBCH 37–51) with fluoxastrobin and prothioconazole, and T3 (BBCH 65–69) with prothioconazole and tebuconazole. A total of 12 wheat diseases were diagnosed, four units for foot and root rot and eight related with leaf and head. Crop sequence was found the prime factor for the risk posed by foot and root rot diseases, while the lack of fungicidal control mostly impacted the risk posed by leaf and head pathogens. The highest increases in yield from controlled crops were attributed to facultative wheat followed after beet (49–66 %) or wheat (36–47 %). The cost-effectiveness based on two indicators E and Q has been calculated for fungicide treatments on all 48 crops. We investigated incidences of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and concentrations of six mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and zearalenone) in wheat from 2010 to 2013. Field trials were conducted at the Experimental Station of Cultivar Testing in ChrzÄ…stowo, Poland (53o11’N, 17o35’E). The dominant Fusarium species observed on wheat heads were F. culmorum, F. avenaceum (Gibberella avenacea) and F. graminearum (Gibberella zeae), at 21.1%, 17.2%, and 7.1%, respectively. In wheat planted after wheat or corn, the FHBi was higher compared with a pre-crop of sugar beet. A double application of fungicides at BBCH 30–32 with prothioconazole and spiroxamine and at a BBCH 65 with fluoxastrobin and prothioconazole effectively reduced the FHBi and mycotoxin concentrations, respectively, in grain. Total mycotoxin levels in wheat were correlated with five determinants: duration of the period between the end of flowering and the beginning of kernel abscission, FHBi, F. culmorum isolation, G. zeae isolation and Fusarium ratio (FR) as a % of total mold isolations. Although, the mean concentration of mycotoxins in grain did not exceed the maximum permissible values for unprocessed wheat our study suggests necessity to monitor and mitigate FHB risk for susceptible cultivars when wheat spring sowing follows corn or wheat.
Dr. Joseph Asomaning
University of Camerino, Italy
Title: Genotyping Ghanaian Maize Varieties By SSR Markers
Time : 13:50-14:015
Biography:
Joseph Asomaning is a student currently at his final year studying MSc Biological Science (specializing in Nutrition and Functional Foods), and he is 29 years of age from University of Camerino, Italy. He also holds a bachelor’s degree from Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana.
Abstract:
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an essential cereal crop of different countries of the world. Undeniably, the concerted efforts 5 of plant breeders and their breeding strategies have helped to increase the production and productivity to the tune of two to three folds in many crops including maize. Hybrid cultivars have played a vital role in increasing the acreage and productivity of maize. The success in identifying heterotic hybrid in maize hybrid breeding depends on the availability of genetically diverse maize inbred lines developed from the different heterotic gene pool. Hence, the generation of information on the variability of inbreds at a genotypic level has become necessary. Molecular markers have proven to be a valuable tool for assessing the genetic diversity in many crop species. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) are currently considered as the molecular markers of choice and are rapidly being adopted by plant researchers for precise estimation of diversity. SSR based molecular diversity analysis of Ghanaian maize genotypes (Mamaba, Etubi and GH 110) produced 48 polymorphic alleles from 8 markers with an average of 2.25 alleles per locus and mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.5125. The dendrogram generated with Unweighted Pair Group Method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis revealed two major clusters consisting of cluster one (Mamaba and Etubi) and cluster two (GH110) at 0.90 and 0.92 similarity coefficient respectively. The information on the diversity of genotypes generated in this study with an average of 0.833 would be much useful in developing heterotic hybrids as well as to increase the yield and other desirable traits of maize such as disease resistant varieties. Also, low heterozygosity obtained in this study with an average of 0.2917 shows low genetic variabilities among the varieties..
Dr. Junqi Song
Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center,USA "
Title: The molecular interplay between DNA damage and plant immune responses
Biography:
Junqi Song is currently an assistant professor at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Dallas, with a joint position at the Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology in the Texas A&M University. His research primarily focuses on how plants perceive and respond to microbial pathogens and how pathogens cause diseases in plants using a combination of genetic, biochemical, genomic and proteomic approaches. His research projects cover a wide range of pathogens with diverse lifestyles including bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, and nematodes. His long-term goal is to elucidate the complex network of signal transduction and pathway interactions in plant defense responses.
Abstract:
DNA damage repair and immune responses are two fundamental cellular processes that have been characterized extensively, but the links between them remain largely unknown. We previously identified multiple genes that play a dual role in homologous recombination and transcriptional regulation of plant-defense genes. Moreover, we discovered that microbial bacterial, fungal and oomycete plant pathogens with diverse lifestyles induce double-strand-breaks to host plant DNA. These suggested an interplay between DNA damage and plant immune responses. Here we report that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation plays an important role in plant immune systems in response to infection. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification and contributes to multiple molecular and cellular processes with a prominent role in DNA damage repair. Human PARP1, the founding and most characterized member of the PARP family, accounts for more than 90% of overall molecular and cellular PARP activity in response to DNA damage while PARP2 supplies a minor portion of this PARP activity. We found that Arabidopsis PARP2 rather than PARP1 plays the predominant role in poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and organismal resilience in response to either chemically-induced DNA damage or pathogen infections. Hence, core aspects of plant poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation are mediated by substantially different enzymes than in animals, indicating the likelihood of substantial differences in regulation. Collectively, our findings suggest that the two ancient surveillance mechanisms, DNA damage, and plant immune responses, are intricately interconnected.
Ms. Cheol-Woo Choi
National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, South Korea
Title: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus causing the Hanglungbing (HLB) disease
Time : 14:40-15:05
Biography:
Choi Cheolwoo has worked for Citrus Research Institute in Korea, as a pathologist. He is interested in developing a forecasting model for the occurrence of citrus pests and has been monitoring pest incidents for several years in the field for the model. In addition, he diagnoses the citrus disease with biotechnology method and provides citrus-farmers with services, such as information on citrus pest management and control method. For improving citrus production of a citrus farmer, we also research to produce disease-free nursery stock with various citrus cultivars and provide various agricultural information.
Abstract:
The HLB (Huanglongbing, Citrus greening disease), caused by bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), is the most destructive diseases and a significant threat to citrus production worldwide. Symptoms on the HLB are varied and characterized by splotchy mottling of the entire leaf, premature defoliation, dieback of twigs, reduction in fruit size, premature fruit drop, low content of soluble acids in the juice and a bitter or salty taste of the juice. The HLB is vectored and transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri and grafting from a diseased tree. In this study, we developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) using primers from prophage gene to detect HLB from diseased leaves. The genomic DNA is extracted from the leaves of grape-fruit and sweat-orange infected HLB. LAMP primers were designed based on prophage sequences using the LAMP primer designing software PrimerExplorer. As a result, HLB genes were specifically amplified by using this LAMP assay. This study suggests that this LAMP assay can be applied to specifically and sensitively detect HLB and screen pathogen free seedlings for production of disease-free nursery stock.
Mr. José Bruno Malaquias
Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, brazil
Title: Larval Movement of Fall Armyworm on Bt Cotton Landscapes with Seed Contamination: Consequences to Resistance Evolution
Time : 15:05-15:30
Biography:
Mr. José Bruno Malaquias, Professor, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Brazil. Has experience in Agronomy, focusing on Agricultural Entomology.
Abstract:
The impact of seed contamination on transgenic crops that express genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt), such as Bt cotton, on insect movement and survival has been a subject of relevant international scientific discussions. Under tropical conditions is possible that caterpillars with some level of tolerance to Bt cotton, when they start feeding on cotton plant non-Bt may disperse and feed on Bt cotton plants, survive, reach adulthood and produce offspring, increasing probability of occurrence of individuals with the resistance allele in a higher frequency than expected. In this context, studies in this direction are especially valuable because information about larval mobility in tropical conditions is still scarce. The presentation will be based on data about behavior ecological traits of Spodoptera frugiperda in the laboratory and field conditions (micro-landscapes); in addition, we developed a population genetic computer model combined with Bayesian inference to study the impact of active (treated as walking movement) and passive movement (called here as ballooning) of S. frugiperda associated with contaminated areas on resistance evolution. Interesting results will be presented and discussed, such as the findings of fitness cost on larval behavior traits of S. frugiperda due to Bt resistance and the possible impact on resistance evolution. These data are extremely important to understand the resistance evolution, as well as, provides foundations for resistance management programs in different tropical scenarios and/or similar conditions.